What Theresa May Forgot: North Korea Used British Technology to Build Its Nuclear Bombs?- GR, D. Lowry

When Theresa May proclaims in Parliament that we need the £200 billion Trident nuclear missile system to see off the North Korean nuclear threat, writes David Lowry, just bear this in mind. It is a threat that the UK, global nuclear proliferator in chief, created in the first place, providing both the reactor technology and vital centrifuge materials to make North Korea’s nuclear dream come true.

The reactors at Calder Hall on the Sellafield site, then called Windscale, were opened by the young Queen Elizabeth in 1956. But it was never meant as a commercial civilian nuclear plant: the real purpose was to make plutonium for nuclear bombs.

” … today the threats from countries such as Russia and North Korea remain very real.”In the debate on Trident nuclear WMD renewal in Parliament last week, the new UK Prime Minister, Theresa May, in a peculiarly ill-informed speech – demonstrating her political career that has virtually no experience in security or defence affairs – made, inter alia, the following unsupported assertions:

• “North Korea has stated a clear intent to develop and deploy a nuclear weapon, and it continues to work towards that goal, in flagrant violation of a series of United Nations Security Council resolutions.”
• “North Korea is the only country in the world to have tested nuclear weapons this century, carrying out its fourth test this year, as well as a space launch that used ballistic missile technology. It also claims to be attempting to develop a submarine-launch capability and to have withdrawn from the nuclear non-proliferation treaty.”
• “Based on the advice I have received, we believe that North Korea could already have enough fissile material to produce more than a dozen nuclear weapons. It also has a long-range ballistic missile, which it claims can reach America, and which is potentially intended for nuclear delivery.”

It reminded me of the similarly ill-informed former Prime Minister Tony Blair, in his speeches to MPs trying to win them over with dodgy ‘advice’ from British intelligence, to go to war by invading Iraq in 2003.

MPs have short memories, despite the Chilcot Report on the Iraq invasion disaster not yet two weeks old, and 472 motley MP fools backed May and Trident replacement. As with the Iraq invasion, MPs will in future have to admit their regrets at being fooled. And again, they ignord the thousands of demonstrators outside, calling for Trident to be abandoned.

Britain’s nuclear proliferation ‘secret’

But May was right in one way. North Korea has developed nuclear weapons. But what she did not say was they did it with copied British bomb-making technology.

There is significant evidence that the British Magnox nuclear plant design – which was primarily built as a military plutonium production factory – provided the blueprint for the North Korean military plutonium programme based in Yongbyon. Here is what Douglas (now Lord) Hogg, then a Conservative minister, admitted in a written parliamentary reply in 1994 to Labour MP Llew Smith:

We do not know whether North Korea has drawn on plans of British reactors in the production of its own reactors. North Korea possesses a graphite moderated reactor which, while much smaller, has generic similarities to the reactors operated by British Nuclear Fuels plc. However, design information of these British reactors is not classified and has appeared in technical journals.

The uranium enrichment programmes of both North Korea and Iran also have a UK connection. The blueprints of this type of plant were stolen by Pakistani scientist, A Q Khan, from the URENCO enrichment plant in The Netherlands in the early 1970s.
(see David Albright, Peddling Peril, 2010 pp 15-28, Free Press, New York)

This plant was – and remains – one-third owned by the UK government. The Pakistan government subsequently sold the technology to Iran, who later exchanged it for North Korean Nodong missiles.

A technical delegation from the A Q Khan Research Labs visited North Korea in the summer of 1996. The secret enrichment plant was said to be based in caves near Kumch’ang-ni, 100 miles north of the capital, Pyonyang, where US satellite photos showed tunnel entrances being built.

Hwang Jang-yop, a former aid to President Kim Il-sung (the grandfather of the current North Korean President) who defected in 1997, revealed details to Western intelligence investigators. (Levy A, Scott-Clark C Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the Global Weapons Conspiracy, 2007, p.281, Atlantic Books)

Magnox machinations

Magnox is a now obsolete type of nuclear power plant ( except in North Korea) which was designed by the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) in the early 1950s, and was exported to Italy and Japan The name ‘magnox’ comes from the alloy used to clad the fuel rods inside the reactor.

The reactors at Calder Hall on the Sellafield site – then called Windscale, and operated by the UKAEA – were opened by the young Queen Elizabeth on 17th October 1956. But it was never meant as a commercial civilian nuclear plant: the real purpose was to make plutonium for nuclear bombs.

The UKAEA official historian Kenneth Jay wrote about Calder Hall, in his short book of the same name, published to coincide with the opening of the plant, referring (p.88) to“major plants built for military purposes, such as Calder Hall.” Earlier, he wrote (p.80): ” … The plant has been designed as a dual-purpose plant, to produce plutonium for military purposes as well as electric power.”

The term Magnox also encompasses:

• Three North Korean reactors, all based on the open access blueprints of the Calder Hall Magnox reactors, including,
• A small 5 MWe experimental reactor at Yongbyon, operated from 1986 to 1994, and restarted in 2003. Plutonium from this reactor’s spent fuel has been used in the North Korea nuclear weapons program.
• A 50 MWe reactor, also at Yongbyon, whose construction commenced in 1985 but was never finished in accord with the 1994 US-North Korea Agreed Framework.
• A 200 MWe reactor at Taechon, construction of which also halted in 1994.

Nuclear ‘self sufficiency’ on the Korean peninsula

Olli Heinonen, senior fellow at the internationally reknown Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University in the US has explained how North Korea obtained its uranium enrichment capability. He wrote five years ago:

The pre-eminence of Juche, the political thesis of Kim Il Sung, stresses independence from great powers, a strong military posture, and reliance on national resources. Faced with an impoverished economy, political isolation from the world, and rich uranium deposits, nuclear power-both civilian as well as military-fulfills all three purposes.

History and hindsight have shown a consistency in North Korea’s efforts to develop its own nuclear capability. One of the first steps North Korea took was to assemble a strong national cadre of nuclear technicians and scientists. In 1955, North Korea established itsAtomic Energy Research Institute. In 1959, it signed an agreement with the Soviet Union to train North Korean personnel in nuclear related disciplines. The Soviets also helped the North Koreans establish a nuclear research center and built a 2 MW IRT nuclear research reactor at Yongbyon, which began operation in 1969.

Throughout the 1970s, North Korea continued to develop its nuclear capabilities, pursuing a dual track approach that was consistent with the idea of nuclear self-reliance. While engaging in discussions to obtain Light Water Reactors (LWRs) from the Soviet Union, North Korea proceeded with parallel studies on graphite moderated gas cooled reactors, using publicly available information based on the Magnox reactor design.

North Korea also carried out plutonium separation experiments at its Isotope Production Laboratory (IPL), and successfully separated plutonium in the same decade. The North Koreans worked on the design of a reprocessing plant for which, the chemical process was modeled after the Eurochemic plant.

Eurochemic was a research plant dedicated to the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. It was owned by thirteen countries which shared and widely published technologies developed. The plant, located in Dessel, Belgium, operated from 1966 to 1974.

When negotiations to acquire four LWRs from the Soviet Union failed, North Korea had already embarked on its indigenous nuclear program. Throughout the 1980s, North Korea constructed a 5 MWe reactor, fuel fabrication plant, and a reprocessing plant at Yongbyon, with no known documented external help and with minimal foreign equipment procured.

When the joint statement on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula was concluded in December 1991, all three facilities had been fully operational for a number of years, with two additional (50 MWe and 200 MWe) graphite moderated gas cooled reactors under construction.

Why enrich the people when you can enrich uranium?

North Korea’s closed society and isolationist position has made it immensely difficult to accurately gauge its nuclear activities. Pyongyang has gone to great lengths to hide much of its nuclear program, including its enrichment route.

Nevertheless, there have been indications, including procurement related evidence, that point in the direction that North Korea has been actively pursuing enrichment since the mid-1990s, with likely exploratory attempts made up to a decade earlier.

It is clear that North Korea received a key boost in its uranium enrichment capability from Pakistan through the A Q Khan network. Deliveries of P-1 and P-2 centrifuges, special oils, and other equipment from Pakistan to North Korea in the late 1990s were acknowledged by former Pakistani President General P. Musharraf in his memoirs, In the Line of Fire.

President Musharraf also wrote that, separately, North Korean engineers were provided training at A Q Khan’s Research Laboratories in Kahuta under the auspices of a government-to-government deal on missile technology that had been established in 1994. In all likelihood, North Korea also received the blue prints for centrifuges and other related process equipment from the Khan network during that period of time.

In the late 1980s, North Korea acquired vacuum equipment from a German company. While such equipment was primarily meant for North Korea’s fuel fabrication plant then under construction, some of the vacuum pumps could have been used for enrichment experiments. But additional attempts made in 2002 to again acquire vacuum technology after the completion of the fuel fabrication plant strongly pointed to its use for enrichment purposes.

Evidence of North Korea’s procurement activities in the late 1990s to the early 2000s showed its objective to achieve industrial or semi-industrial scale enrichment capacity, based on a more efficient Pakistani P-2 centrifuge design. In 1997, an attempt was made to acquire large amounts of maraging steel suitable for manufacturing centrifuges.

UK contributes again – by exporting high strength aluminium

In 2002 / 2003, North Korea successfully procured large quantities of high strength aluminium from Russia and the United Kingdom, another requirement in making centrifuges.

A simple tally of the amounts and types of equipment and material sought by North Korea suggests plans to develop a 5,000-centrifuge strong enrichment capacity. This appears consistent with a separate earlier enrichment offer A Q Khan had made to Libya.

For North Korea to have embarked on procuring equipment and materials meant for a (semi-)industrial scale enrichment facility, it is highly likely that the known Uranium Enrichment Workshop (UEW) at Yongbyon, which in reality approximates a full sized facility, is not the only one that exists. More workshops would have been needed to serve as test beds for pilot cascades of P-1 and P-2 centrifuges prior to (semi-)industrial scale enrichment operations.

While we have signs of North Korea’s enrichment goals, the final picture remains unclear given that the actual amount of items procured remains unknown. This problem is compounded by the fact that the North Koreans have and are continuing to source nuclear material and equipment from several parties. Moreover, there remains a high degree of uncertainty concerning the level of North Korea’s enrichment technology development.

In April 2009, after expelling IAEA inspectors, North Korea publicly announced for the first time that it was proceeding with its own enrichment program. To reinforce its intentions, North Korea followed up with a letter to the UN Security Council on September 3 to confirm that it was embarking on an enrichment phase.

In November 2010, the North Koreans unveiled to Siegfried Hecker, a pre-eminent nuclear expert and former director of the Los Alamos Nuclear Laboratory, an enrichment facility in Yongbyon with 2000 centrifuge machines similar to the P-2 version, built with maraging steel rotors. (S. Hecker, ‘Redefining Denuclearization in North Korea’, The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, December 20, 2010.)

Implications and consequences

On March 22, 2011, North Korea’s official news agency, KCNA, portrayed Libya’s decision to give up its nuclear weapons as a mistake that opened the country to NATO intervention following its domestic Arab Spring uprising.

Such conclusions drawn by North Korea make an already difficult case to engage North Korea to give up its nuclear weapon deterrence that much harder. At the same time, the alternative of disengagement will in all likelihood bring about greater problems.

In engaging North Korea, several key hurdles have to be tackled. First, North Korea shows a poor proliferation record. It was the suspected supply source of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) to Libya via the A Q  Khan network – the uranium gas used in centrifuges to separate out the fissionable 235U needed in nuclear bombs from non-fissionable 238U.

There is also mounting evidence that North Korea was involved in the construction of a secret nuclear reactor at Dair Alzour in Syria that was subsequently destroyed in 2007. It is plausible that North Korean personnel assisted Syria in building the reactor. (‘North Korea’s Nuclear Enrichment: Capabilities and Consequences‘, 38 North.org; 22 June 2011).

Lessons of history

This sorry tale has several important lessons for us today. First – and this must never be forgotten – the UK’s early ‘atoms for peace’ nuclear power programme was specifically designed and intended to produce plutonium for nuclear bombs. And it was not just nuclear waste from Calder Hall that went for plutonium extraction at Windscale, but from other sites that were meant to be purely civilian such as Hinkley Point.

The UK is therefore guilty of ‘breaking the rules’ that are meant to separate civil and military nuclear activities, and its complaints of other states doing the same all carry the unmistakeable whiff of ripest humbug.

Second, for all its public position of seeking to restrain nuclear proliferation, the UK is actually one of the world’s most egregious nuclear proliferators: providing arch-nuclear enemy North Korea with both the Magnox technology it has used to produce plutonium for atom bombs; and the high strength aluminium it has used for its uranium centrifuges.

So when Theresa May stands up in Parliament and proclaims that we need the Trident nuclear missile system to see off the North Korean nuclear threat, remember: it is a threat that the UK created in the first place, providing both the nuclear reactor technology and the centrifuge materials to make it happen.

And when the UK cites the nuclear threat from North Korea as a reason to spend an estimated £200 billion on the next generation of Trident, we can be sure that North Korea and other countries aspiring to their own nuclear weapons are applying precisely the same logic to the British nuclear threat.

And that considering the UK’s history of aggressive regime-changing interventions in Iraq and Libya, the hundreds of (up to 225) nuclear warheads in its possession, and its ability to target them accurately anywhere in the world, North Korea’s fears are probably a great deal better founded than Mrs May’s.

Dr David Lowry is senior research fellow at the Institute for Resource and Security Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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Nuclear Subs-Trident Must Still Leave Scotland; & More Must Not Come! | Mining Awareness +

Thirty Seconds to Midnight: the Doomsday Clock moves forward. The End of the world will come by miscalculation or simply Insanity

Source- The 4th Media » A US-instigating Nuclear War against Russia The US-made Armageddon Approaches, …..

Armageddon Approaches

The Western pubic doesn’t know it, but Washington and its European vassals are convincing Russia that they are preparing to attack. Eric Zuesse reports on a German newspaper leak of a Bundeswehr decision to declare Russia to be an enemy nation of Germany.

This is the interpretation that some Russian politicians themselves have put on the NATO military bases that Washington is establishing on Russia’s borders.

Washington might intend the military buildup as pressure on President Putin to reduce Russian opposition to Washington’s unilateralism. However, it reminds some outspoken Russians such as Vladimir Zhirinovsky of Hitler’s troops on Russia’s border in 1941.

Zhirinovsky is the founder and leader of Russia’s Liberal Democratic Party and a vice chairman of the Russian parliament.

In a confrontation with the editor of a German newspaper, Zhirinovsky tells him that German troops again on Russia’s border will provoke a preventive strike after which nothing will remain of German and NATO troops.

“The more NATO soldiers in your territory, the faster you are going to die. To the last man. Remove NATO from your territory!”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQm8L8d8uDc

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has expressed his frustration with Washington’s reliance on force and coercion instead of diplomacy.

It is reckless for Washington to convince Russia that diplomacy is a dead end without promise. When the Russians reach that conclusion, force will confront force.

Indeed Zhirinovsky has already reached that point and perhaps Vladimir Putin also. As I reported, Putin recently dressed down Western presstitutes for their role in fomenting nuclear war. See also:

Putin has made it clear that Russia will not accept US missile bases in Poland and Romania. He has informed Washington and the imbecilic Polish and Romanian governments.

However, as Putin observed, “they don’t hear.”

The inability to hear means that Washington’s arrogance has made Washington too stupid to take seriously Putin’s warning. If Washington persists, it will provoke the preventive strike that Zhirinovsky told the German editor the Merkel regime was inviting.

Americans need to wake up to the dangerous situation that Washington has created, but I doubt they will. Most wars happen without the public’s knowledge until they happen.

The main function of the American left-wing is to serve as a bogyman with which to scare conservatives about the country’s loss of morals, and the main function of conservatives is to create fear and hysteria about immigrants, Muslims, and Russians.

There is no sign that Congress is aware of approaching Armageddon, and the media consists of propaganda.

I and a few others try to alert people to the real threats that they face, but our voices are not loud enough. Not even Vladimir Putin’s voice is loud enough. It looks like the West won’t hear until “there remains nothing at all of the German and NATO troops,” and of Poland and Romania and the rest of us.

Part II

30 Seconds To Midnight

Former US Secretary of Defense William Perry warns that the world is on the knife edge of nuclear catastrophe. Such catastrophe can result accidentally from electronic failures or glitches in warning systems and from the recklessly aggressive and unnecessary force buildup against Russia.

Conn Hallinan discusses these issues. I doubt Hallinan is correct about Washington’s military predominance. This is Washington’s view, and this view makes Washington confident that it holds the aces. It is a mistake for Hallinan to encourage Washington in this view.

Nevertheless, Hallinan makes it clear that we could all be vaporized at any minute. This extremely high risk has been created entirely by the Clinton, George W. Bush, and Obama regimes in which Zionist neoconservatives have controlled foreign and military policies.

It is tiresome to hear the argument that nuclear war won’t happen because it makes no sense.

William Perry points out that the failure of a 49-cent computer chip resulted in NORAD’s computers signaling that the Soviets had launched 220 nuclear missiles at the United States.

Just think about all the failures and glitches in our own personal computers, even the best ones. Human miscalculation is also an enormous risk. Miscalculation is a dominant human trait.

Consider that 50 percent of Americans’ choices of marriage partner are miscalculations as established by the divorce rate.

The mere existence of nuclear weapons means the nonexistence of life on earth. It will happen sooner or later. To raise the risk as the crazed American government is doing with irresponsible provocations of the Russians and Chinese is the ultimate criminal act.

There is no greater threat to human rights than to endanger all life, and that is what Washington and its two-bit punk NATO vassals are doing by increasing tensions between nuclear powers.

The neoconservatives in Washington have replaced nuclear disarmament with a new nuclear arms race. All of the hard work and accomplishments of previous US administrations to ease tensions and to reduce the stockpiles of nuclear weapons has been thrown away by the psychopaths who control the government in Washington.

Part III

The Atlantic Council: The Marketing Arm of the Military/Security Complex

How much did the military-security complex pay the Atlantic Council to publish this sales pitch to Poland to load up on US weapons systems?

The sales pitch was written by arms salesmen Richard Shirreff, a partner at Strategia Worldwide Ltd., and Maciej Olex-Szczytowski, a “business adviser specializing in defense.”

The sales pitch is titled “Arming For Deterrence.” The Kremlin is unpredictable, say the arms salesmen, and could at any moment decide to attack Poland. However the Russian regime “respects a show of force” and would back down if Poland has a sufficient inventory of US weapons.

The sales pitch encourages Poland to take many aggressive and dangerous steps toward Russia, such as targeting Russia cities and facilities including RT. But before provoking the Bear like this, Poland needs “to join the tactical nuclear capability scheme within NATO, so enabling its F-16s to be carriers of tactical nuclear ordnance.”

Poland also needs to be able to strike deep inside Russia and for this needs to purchase American long-range JASSM air-launched cruise missiles, the Navy Strike missile coastal missiles, and the Guided Multiple Launch Rocket Systems.

Poland also needs “offensive cyber operations” and “more tandem-warhead Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGMs) capable of penetrating reactive armor, and also anti-aircraft (including anti-helicopter) and anti-UAV missiles. “

The bill for this deterrence against non-existent “Russian aggression” comes to
“some US $26 billion” on top of planned expenditures of US $34 billion. “Poland should move forward expeditiously with procurements,” say the arms salesmen or risk being attacked by superior Russian forces.

The Zionist neocons get away with their warmongering because it is profitable for the US military/security complex. Whereas the crazed neocons want real war, the military/security complex only wants the propaganda threat of war.

The numerous military/foreign policy think tanks funded by the military/security complex provide the propaganda and made-up threat. This is a dangerous game, because the Russians see a real threat in the hostility that is directed at them.

The anti-Russian propaganda is universal and includes the Olympic Games. Washington wants Russia excluded based on the allegation that only Russians take performance-enhancing substances.

What extraordinary nonsense. I have a relative who travels widely to test athletes of every sport, even golf, for the use of performance-enhancing substances.

It is not the Russians who have corrupted “clean sports.”

It is the money that the corrupt Americans have poured into sports. To be a champion, to win the Masters at Augusta National, to win a gold medal means to be a multi-millionaire.

Sports that people once played for enjoyment are now a lucrative profession.

Money corrupts everything, and it is capitalism that turns everything into a commodity that is bought and sold. In capitalist regimes everything is for sale: honor, integrity, justice, truth.

Everything is reduced to the filthy lucre.

Novaya Zemlya, from natural paradise to radioactive hell. Russian nuclear bases in the Arctic

Tarcoteca Spanish Version Here!

Novaya Zemlya Archipelago (Новая Земля, Novaya Zemlya, "New Land" [6]) Natural arctic paradise was transformed into a radioactive hell the day that was chosen as a testing nuclear arsenal and radioactive landfill. His story will be forever linked to the Tzar Bomb [1], [2], the largest atomic monstrosity ever launched on earth.

The Arctic Line is the first Russian defense against a possible invasion from the north. Also is the source of gas and oil [3]. Its protection is vital to the established order. The rearming of the area is inevitable as we are seeing in recent times [4].

Governments have been testing nuclear weapons in these islands since the 50s and then used them as dumping grounds for the eternal toxic waste, becoming one of the world's most polluted areas, paradise of mutants. Russia will not hesitate to use nuclear weapons to defend them.

The only force able to attack Russia is NATO. It would not be defeated by land, so we will not see long fortifications as in the WWII. The war would be decided aerealy thanks to radar systems, hidden missiles batteries between mountains and especially thanks to submarines.

We do not know the level of staff turnover, but it must be quite high, because the radioactive exclusion areas that actually cover the entire island. Of which, can be assumed that the bulk of installations are underground, protected from the cold and high-energy clouds, coated with gross lead plates.

Brief history

In the past this archipelago in the Russian Arctic was boast with a unique ecosystem. However, after 1954, when it become nuclear weapons testing site, it that took up half of the surface of the island, the prefix 'eco' lost all its meaning.

This field testing site of Novaya Zemlya was the scene in 1961 of the most powerful nuclear weapon detonation in history, the Zar Bomb (AN602) . This Bomb had a power thousands times that ones of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (51.5 megatons) and was one of the reasons that led to the signing of several international treaties for banning nuclear tests. In addition, the bays of the archipelago were used to store radioactive waste. Catastrophes Alert [5]

With an average temperature of -2°C, 100 days of sun, 0 hours of light between November and January. The southern part of the island is dotted with thousands of uncontrolled radioactive waste dumps, virtually every one of the fjords, more than 100, and even offshore. The area can be consider  as a paradise orchard, only for mutants.

What Russian propaganda tells About the island

Defense Ministry to complete works to seal off Russia’s Arctic borders by 2017 — RT 4.7.2016

Russia has almost completed construction works on new defense installations on islands in the Arctic, and the military expects to be operating in the new bases before the end of the year, according to Russian media.
In March 2015 the Russian military held major exercises on the orders of President Vladimir Putin, seeking to test its readiness to counter challenges in the country’s north and particularly in the Arctic. The drills involved about 38,000 troops, 41 ships, 15 submarines and 110 aircraft.

Rusia duplicará sus tropas en la isla ártica Nueva Zembla para el 2020 7.9.2915

An unidentified Defense Ministry Sources told the newspaper Izvestia that in mid-summer, construction works will be completed with the construction of new barracks and checkpoints in the Novaya Zemlya and Norther Land archipelagos, as well as the in the Alexandra , Franz-Joseph and Wrangel islands.

Los sistemas de misiles Bastión fortificarán las fronteras rusas en el Ártico - sputniknews 1.6.2015

The Northern Fleet meets this June 1 the 282 anniversary of its founding.
The admiral added that the air defenses of the Northern Fleet has began its rearmament with the S-400 anti-aircraft missile complexes, and certain arsenals Arctic units with Pantsir-S missiles complexes are already present.

Coastal missile system Bastion, armed with anti-ship missiles Onix 24, is able to guarantee the defense of a coastline of over 600 Km against enemy landing operations.

Overview of the current nuclear situation

More than 2,000 nuclear detonations since 1945

Today, the world has around 17,300 nuclear warheads, although its exact number is impossible to determine, Russia is the country with the largest number of warheads (8,500) followed closely by the United States with 7,700.

It is estimated that each of the two great powers has around 1,800 bombs ready to be launched at any time. In any case, the number of warheads is today less than 25% of which was at the time of the Cold War, in the mid-eighties.

Today, as then, the axis of the nuclear defense of the great powers are not the bombers or missiles, although they occupy the center of the popular imagination, but nuclear undetectable submarines and, in the case the Ohio Class US, they can each carry more than 200 hydrogen bombs, each with a power hundreds of times greater than Hiroshima.

Which countries have nuclear weapons?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB_lLfnkV3k

What Media Propaganda does not tell about the military facilities in Novaya Zemlya

Where are not hidden the bases

- Not in the atomic test areas, because of radioactivity, which could interfer the equipment. That excludes a quarter part of the island.

- The barracks are not in near the coast, which excludes half of the island and quite limites the location of the equipment. This is due to the porosity of the rock and the likelihood of flooding in the event of a nuclear attack.

- We did not find images of quarry areas, but many alluvial fans, which could mask subterrain excavations. Mining areas seem quite neglected.

- The missile silos are well hidden and camouflaged, besides its small size. The only thing you can see are the old structures and a large network of roads and rails. It is quite likely that in an attack usasen mobile devices.

- Of the 13 airfields we have found only 4, are well hidden. Places and marks on old maps. Atmospheric control towers are scattered across the terrain.

Where could be found the bases

- Having mountains over 1,500 m is quite likely that are placed there.

- The maps are outdated and there is ample undercover areas. We don't know since when, but these areas coincide with mountainous areas, and therefore with possible bases, mainly missile silos and radars.

- We have found many roads and railways to get "nowhere" in the mountains, so we can deduce that are underground.

- The most other areas covered are located in the northern and central mountains, making them the most likely location silos, barracks and equipment areas.

- If we consider the Japanese islands tunnels design in the 2WW, which allowed them to maintain 2 fronts at once throught intraterrestrial railway, and we think on modern tunneling machines, we can say that these islands are empty inside and furrowed north-south and east-west.

What have we found

Here a French map indicating nothing more and nothing less than the areas of "diving" and that has guided us initially. Idyllic tourism. Brown areas landfilling. Good schematic map.

On satellite photos we see that the image of the archipelago appears fully edited and pixelated in many areas, making it impossible for any identification.

They have disappeared from the images several settlements, physically or pixelating covert. The southern part of the island is clearly less populated because of all the pollution.

We refer to the first map of this post. 

To find the loalizaciones of the photos you only have to enter the numbers of the lower panel in each photo and introduce it in the finder browser at google maps:

A-Area is crisscrossed by roads and perpendicular paths without beginning or apparent purpose. Dunpping area for radioactive waste, both by immersion in its fjords as burial in silos. A real Dead Zone.

1 Rogachevo- civil facilies. Radiation Free Zone.

Imagen de archivo

2 Belushya- High-capacity airport. With 3 tracks,  2'5km the longest. It is located in a hidden area of more than 40 km long. Able to accommodate heavy transport.

Hangars are not observed, so it is covert or underground structures.

Belushya pixelated area 40 km north to south, connecting with the former nuclear test sites at south side of the channel.

3 Rogachevo's northern roads and facilities- Rogachevo connects with the airport. We found gas deposits and other buildings that we can not identify with this level of resolution. We also find bridges connecting the fjords.

Facilities located along the Rogachevo road 

B-Zone- appears to be the military settlement zone and control of nuclear tests carried on the north in the area known as Zone C or Dead Zone and south side of the channel, in an unclassified area but with many buildings. Formed by structures 4, 5, 6 and 7.

4 Legernoye- in the East Village in the channel Matochkin Char, north shore. It includes port. Today looks abandoned. Box what looks like a silo.

5 Reka Choumilikha Mountain Area, 1450m- underground testing site. Ridged area of railways and roads to the south. Of course, not airfield found.

- Observe circles which could correspond to silos or warehouses. Also a control building at channel's south area from which start several rails and roads.

Zone 5 roadways  heading west to a possibly artificial mountain where intraterrestrials bombs would be tested. East roads communicate with the roads to give the 'Nameless Twon'.

 Ivan the Great Test Site, the world's largest nuclear bomb. Area around Reka Choumilikha Mountain 

6 Routes and roads of the test area to Facilities on the beach, inside the channel

7  'Nameless Twon' in the center of the Matochkin Char channel, south side. We can distinguish a port and fuel tanks. We calculate for its capacity of several girdles of people and is certainly one of the new buildings announced by the Kremlim for 2020.

Detail of the port and a fuel tank

Roads out of the 'Nameless Town' south side of the channel, in what could be test sites, silos or nuclear waste dumps.

Zone C area of atmospheric nuclear tests. Used in this way until well into 1975. High radioactivity Zone .

8- Building at the Cape that could form a system of radio beacons or antena.

9 Smidovich-small town. Aerodrome located.

No sign of Arkhangel`s Skoye town- should be 5 km south from Smidovitch

10 Test Site in North

11 Zelaniya/ Nataliya- unlocalized aerodrome 

12 Town not found. It is shown in some guides

13 Southern areas of nuclear tests

14 West Entrance to th Channel throught Matochkin Char and Litke. We have not found traces of population or any construction, although they should be placed as per strategy.

15 Malyya y Karmakouly- despite be clearly placed on maps we do not find its localization in the coast at north of Rogachevo.

The Blue Areas, mainly mountainous and permanently frozen areas, are marked as highly potential areas for facilities and construction.

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Notes

[1] Cinco cosas increíbles sobre la Bomba del Zar, el arma nuclear más potente de la historia
[2] http://marcianosmx.com/bomba-del-zar-bomba-mas-poderosa/
[3] Rusia extraerá en 2030 más de la mitad del petróleo y del gas árticos
[4] http://vallartaopina.net/2013/12/17/rusia-despliega-10-misiles-por-escudo-antiaereo-de-otan/
[5] Los 5 campos de pruebas nucleares más escalofriantes del mundo | Alerta Catastrofes
[6] http://123ru.net/slavsk/17276387/ <<historia de Novo Zembla en ruso